Are you tired of constantly hiding your pigmentation whenever you leave the house? Are you curious about its causes and effective treatment methods? Pigmentation, a common skin concern affecting individuals of all ages and skin types, stems from melanin, the pigment responsible for our skin's colour.
In this blog post, we will delve into the mystery of melanin, providing a comprehensive understanding of pigmentation, its various types, and its underlying causes. We will also understand how to remove dark spots on the face. Join us as we embark on a journey through the realm of pigmentation, empowering you to attain clear, even-toned skin.
What is Melanin?
Melanin is a natural pigment found in various parts of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes. It is responsible for determining the color of these tissues. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis. These cells produce melanin through a process known as melanogenesis.
Melanin is divided into two main categories: eumelanin and pheomelanin. Eumelanin is responsible for brown and black pigments, while pheomelanin contributes to red and yellow pigments. The ratio and distribution of these pigments in the skin determine an individual's skin colour.
The production of melanin is influenced by various factors, including genetics, hormones, and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When the skin is exposed to UV radiation, melanocytes produce more melanin as a defense mechanism to protect the skin cells from harmful UV rays. This increased production of melanin can lead to a tan or darkening of the skin.
Melanin serves as a natural sunscreen, providing some level of protection against UV radiation. However, excessive or uneven production of melanin can result in pigmentation disorders such as hyperpigmentation (excessive darkening of the skin) or hypopigmentation (loss of skin color).
Overall, melanin is a vital component of our skin and plays a crucial role in determining our skin color and protecting us from the harmful effects of UV radiation.
What is Pigmentation?
Pigmentation refers to the coloring or discolouration of the skin, hair, or eyes caused by the presence and distribution of a pigment called melanin. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, found in the skin and other body parts. It plays a crucial role in determining the natural color of an individual's skin, hair, and eyes, as well as providing protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun (1).
The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin can vary significantly among individuals, leading to differences in skin color and tone. Factors such as genetics, sun exposure, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions can influence melanin production and distribution, resulting in various pigmentation disorders.
Causes of Pigmentation
Skin pigmentation disorders can arise from a combination of internal and external factors that stimulate excessive melanin production. Various elements contribute to these conditions, and here are a few common factors associated with skin pigmentation disorders (2).
External Factors:
1. Skin Injury - When the skin is damaged due to cuts, bruises, or incorrect hair removal techniques, it can trigger an inflammatory response, resulting in increased melanin production and subsequent skin hyperpigmentation.
2. Allergic Reactions “ Allergens present in cosmetics, hair dyes, and other products can cause contact dermatitis, leading to skin pigmentation issues.
3. Medication Side Effects - Certain medications, such as tetracycline antibiotics or those used in chemotherapy, can have unwanted side effects, including skin pigmentation changes.
4. Sun Exposure - Prolonged exposure to the sun's UVA and UVB rays can penetrate deep into the skin, stimulating excessive melanin production and causing pigmentation problems.
Internal Factors:
1. Hormonal Fluctuations - Hormonal imbalances, often triggered by factors like birth control pills or pregnancy, can lead to pigmentation concerns like melasma, where estrogen and progesterone levels play a role.
2. Genetic Predisposition “ Hereditary factors significantly influence skin pigmentation. Conditions like lentigines, characterized by pigmented spots on sun-exposed areas, can be associated with specific multisystemic syndromes.
3. Diseases - Endocrine disorders and specific medical conditions like Addison's disease can disrupt hormonal levels, leading to increased melanin production and subsequent skin pigmentation issues.
It's important to note that the causes of pigmentation disorders can be complex and multifactorial. Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Pigmentation Treatment
1. Antioxidant Tablets
According to studies, melasma or skin pigmentation can be caused by oxidation. Hence many dermatologists recommend antioxidant tablets like glutathione and vitamin C tablets to treat pigmentation. Glutathione, also known as a master antioxidant, helps with skin lightening and reduces dark patches (3).
2. Topical Serums
Topical treatments enriched with ingredients like Niacinamide, Arbutin, Glutathione, Vitamin C, and a Triple Hyaluronic Acid Complex help in reducing pigmentation (4).
3. Chemical Peel
This method is used to exfoliate the dead skin cells and resurface the younger and healthier skin layer. This technique involves using alpha-hydroxy acid, glycolic acid, and trichloroacetic acid as peeling agents depending on whether someone needs a light, medium, or deep peel treatment.
4. Green Tea Extract
Green tea contains antioxidants that can help reduce pigmentation and even out skin tone. Brew green tea, let it cool, and apply it to the pigmented areas using a cotton ball or by spraying it on your face. After 10 to 15 minutes, rinse it off.
5. Apple Cider Vinegar
Diluted apple cider vinegar can help balance the skin's pH and fade pigmentation. Using a cotton ball, apply a solution made of equal parts apple cider vinegar and water to the areas affected. Before rinsing it off, let it sit for a few minutes. Gradually increase the ratio of vinegar to water over time as your skin tolerates it.
Conclusion
We hope this blog has helped you understand what is pigmentation on face and its relation to melasma. We also hope you understand skin pigmentation treatment. Skin pigmentation is a common skin condition that happens due to both internal and external factors like allergies, sun exposure and hormonal balance. Use the above treatment to fight pigmentation on your face.
FAQs
1. What is the main cause of pigmentation?
Pigmentation is caused by multiple factors like sun exposure, hormonal changes, skin inflammation, medication and allergies.
2. What are the three types of pigmentation?
The three types of pigmentation are hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation and post inflammatory hypopigmentation.
3. How do I remove pigmentation from my face?
To remove pigmentation from the skin, use a high quality antioxidant supplement like glutathione or use a skincare serum that contain niacinamide, hyaluronic acid and vitamin C.
4. Can pigmentation be cured permanently?
It is not possible to cure hyperpigmentation permanently, but you can reduce it significantly with the right type of treatment.